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Progressive rock (radio format)

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Title: Progressive rock (radio format)  
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Subject: WMMS, WHFS (historic), Scott Muni, Deep Tracks, Rock music
Collection: Radio Formats, Rock Radio Formats
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Progressive rock (radio format)

Progressive rock is a radio station programming format that prospered in the late 1960s and 1970s,[1] in which the disc jockeys are given wide latitude in what they may play, similar to the freeform format but with the proviso that some kind of rock music is almost always what is played.[2] The name for the format came from around 1968, when serious disc jockeys were playing "progressive 'music for the head'" and discussing social issues in between records.[3]

Contents

  • Origins 1
  • Definition 2
  • Stations and personnel 3
  • Fate and echoes 4
  • References 5

Origins

When FM broadcasting licenses were first issued by the FCC, broadcasters were slow to take advantage of the new airwaves available to them because their advertising revenues were generated primarily from existing AM broadcasting stations and because there were few FM radio receivers owned by the general public. This void created an opportunity for the disenchanted youth counterculture of the 1960s to express itself by playing music that was largely ignored by mainstream outlets. In this sense, progressive rock radio was more of a social response than a product marketed to fill a need.

This change coincided with the greater emphasis on albums as opposed to singles in the rock market. Hugely popular albums such as The Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band did not contain any singles, so there was clearly a need for a radio format that would explore beyond the Top 40. This in turn led to rock artists placing greater emphasis on long or experimental album tracks, knowing they could still receive radio airplay.

Definition

The progressive rock radio format should not be confused with the [4] Sweet Thursday's "Gilbert Street" was a good example on the East Coast.[5][6]

The progressive rock radio format grew out of the freeform radio format,[7] and, sharing the key characteristic of disc jockeys having the freedom to play what they chose, has sometimes been referred to as "freeform rock radio" or "freeform progressive radio"[8] or simply "FM rock radio".[8] But as they evolved there were key differences between the freeform and progressive rock formats:

  • Freeform could play any genre of music; progressive rock generally limited itself to (various kinds of) rock.
  • After its early days, freeform tended towards small or "underground" stations in non-commercial or niche markets;[9] progressive rock could and did handle big-signal stations in large markets.
  • Progressive rock was intended to be as fully commercially viable as any other mainstream radio format;[3] freeform usually shunned such ambitions.
  • The progressive rock format had a large impact on the commercial rock music industry at the time;[10] the freeform format generally did not.

Stations and personnel

The archetypal successful and influential progressive rock radio station was WNEW-FM in New York in the late 1960s, 1970s, and into the 1980s.[11][12][13] For instance, Keith Emerson credited it for breaking Emerson, Lake & Palmer into the United States market.[10] Other long-running, large-market examples included WMMR in Philadelphia[14] (credited with helping to break Bruce Springsteen),[15] WBCN in Boston, WHFS in Washington, D.C., WXRT in Chicago, WMMS in Cleveland, WEBN in Cincinnati, CJOM and WABX in Detroit/Windsor, WZMF in Milwaukee, KQRS-FM in Minneapolis, WOWI in Norfolk, WORJ-FM in Orlando, KSHE in St. Louis, KDKB in Phoenix, KSAN and KTIM in San Francisco, and KMET in Los Angeles.[16] Many of the higher-profile stations among these were owned by Metromedia.[17] College progressive rock radio stations included WVBR in Ithaca, New York, WKNC in Raleigh, North Carolina,[18] WBRU in Providence, Rhode Island,[19] WRPI in Troy, New York, and WWUH in Hartford, Connecticut.

Pioneering progressive rock radio disc jockey and program directors included Scott Muni in New York,[20][21] Lee Arnold in Orlando, and Tom Donahue in San Francisco.[22]

Fate and echoes

Over time (some much faster than others), the large-city progressive rock stations usually lost DJ freedom and adopted the more structured and confined

Genres
Radio formats
Related
  1. ^ Thomas Staudter, "On the Radio With a Mix Very Distinctly His Own", The New York Times, March 24, 2002. Accessed March 23, 2008.
  2. ^ Fritz E. Froehlich, Allen S. Kent, Carolyn M. Hall (eds.), "FM Commercialization in the United States", The Froehlich/Kent encyclopedia of telecommunications, CRC Press, 1991. ISBN 0-8247-2902-1. p. 179.
  3. ^ a b Mike Olszewski, Radio Daze: Stories from the Front in Cleveland's FM Air Wars, Kent State University Press, 2003. ISBN 0-87338-773-2. p. xi.
  4. ^ George-Warren, Holly; Romanowski, Patricia; Pareles, Jon, eds. (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock & Roll (3rd ed.).   ^
  5. ^ Eder, Bruce. "Sweet Thursday: Review".  
  6. ^ Sara Pendergast, Tom Pendergast, St. James Encyclopedia of Popular Culture, St. James Press, 2000.
  7. ^ a b Todd Leopold, "Whatever happened to rock 'n' roll radio?", CNN.com, February 7, 2002. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  8. ^ Jesse Walker, Rebels on the Air: An Alternative History of Radio in America, NYU Press, 2001. ISBN 0-8147-9382-7. pp. 71-100.
  9. ^ a b Keith Emerson, "Remembering Scott Muni", keithemerson.com, September 29, 2004. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  10. ^ Robbie Woliver, "Disc Jockey, 55, Back In His College Booth", The New York Times, April 1, 2001. Accessed March 23, 2008.
  11. ^ Glenn Collins, "WNEW-FM, Rock Pioneer, Goes to All-Talk Format", The New York Times, September 14, 1999. Accessed March 23, 2008.
  12. ^ Varla Ventura, "Alison Steele: Song of the Nightbird", entry in Sheroes: Bold, Brash, and Absolutely Unabashed Superwomen from Susan B. Anthony to Xena, Conari, 1998. ISBN 1-57324-128-8. pp. 196-198.
  13. ^ "David Dye, NPR Biography", NPR. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  14. ^ Joe Howard, "Bill Weston’s Resurrection Of Legendary Rocker WMMR", Radio Ink, October 16, 2006. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  15. ^ Paul Friedlander, Rock and Roll: A Social History, Westview Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8133-2725-3. p. 199.
  16. ^ Walker, Rebels on the Air, p. 96.
  17. ^ "The history of WKNC", WKNC-FM. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  18. ^ "WBRU", Encyclopedia Brunoniana, Brown University. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  19. ^ "Classic Vinyl and Sirius remember Scott Muni", Sirius Satellite Radio, October 1, 2004. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  20. ^ "Scott Muni and Johnny Michaels", Rock Radio Scrapbook. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  21. ^ "A Brief History Of 106.9 FM In San Francisco", Bay Area Radio Museum. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  22. ^ William Safire, quoting Stephen Holden, "On Language: Don't Touch That Dial", The New York Times, September 7, 1986. Accessed August 23, 2007.
  23. ^ Keith Moerer, "Who Killed Rock Radio?", Spin, February 1998. Accessed August 24, 2007.
  24. ^ Pantheon Books, 1988. ISBN 0-525-48510-4.
  25. ^ Robert Palmer, "Critic's Notebook: Now, Good Music Is Where You Find It", The New York Times, October 29, 1987. Accessed August 23, 2007.
  26. ^ Walker, Rebels on the Air, p. 127.
  27. ^ Mark Washburn, "95.7 FM Has New 'Ride' for Listeners - Progressive Hits from '60s And '70s Will Be Station's New Format", The Charlotte Observer, September 5, 2002.
  28. ^ "Adult Album Alternative (AAA)" entry, New York Radio Guide. Access August 23, 2007.

References

While freeform stations are still around in the 2000s, such as New Jersey's WFMU,[27] and while 95.7 the Ride in Charlotte, North Carolina, recalls the format's original sound,[28] there may be no real examples of the specific progressive rock radio format in existence today on the FM dial. The closest thing to a progressive rock station may be the Deep Tracks channel on Sirius XM Satellite Radio, which plays some of the music originally heard on progressive rock radio, but without pronounced disc jockey personalities or the full feel of the original format. "Stuck in the Psychedelic Era," a syndicated program heard on some non-commercial stations, recreates the format, but rarely includes any recordings made after 1970. Some of the spirit of progressive rock radio (albeit in a more mellow, "adult" form) can also be found in the adult album alternative format.[29]

[26] would write, "The glory days of 'progressive' rock radio - when the disk jockey actually chose the records he played and creatively juxtaposed songs and styles - are long gone."Robert Palmer by 1987, musician and author [25]

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